Antacids & Alginates.
Pharmacology: Neutralizes stomach acid
Indication:
1) Dyspepsia
2) Symptomatic relief in peptic ulcer or oesophageal reflux
Adverse Effects: Diarrhoea and constipation
Interactions: Reduced absorption of other drugs
H₂2 receptor antagonists
Pharmacology: Block H₂ receptors
Indication:
1) GORD
2) Peptic ulcer disease
3) Dyspepsia
4) Reduce risk of aspiration in obstetric patients during delivery
Adverse Effects: Rare- diarrhoea, headache, and dizziness.
Interactions: Liver enzyme inhibitor-result in increased concentration of drugs metabolised by P450 Cytochrome, eg. warfarin. Reduces clearance of drugs with high extraction ratio, eg. propanolol and labetolol.
Proton-pump inhibitors
Pharmacology: Irreversible inhibition of proton pumps-resulting in reduced acid secretion from parietal cells.
Indication:
1) H pylori eradication
2) Short term treatment of peptic ulcers
3) severe GORD
4) oesophagitis
5) Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Adverse effects: GI symptoms & headaches
Interactions: Omeprazole and lansoprazole inhibit cytochrome P450-increased concentrations of drugs normally metabolised by the enzyme. Reduce antiplatelt effect of clopidogrel.